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M9650493.TXT
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1996-03-09
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Document 0493
DOCN M9650493
TI Zidovudine kinetics in the pregnant baboon.
DT 9605
AU Garland M; Szeto HH; Daniel SS; Tropper PJ; Myers MM; Stark RI; College
of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New; York, NY 10032,
USA.
SO J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr Hum Retrovirol. 1996 Feb 1;11(2):117-27.
Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/96147311
AB The devastating impact of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection
during pregnancy has made the pharmacologic evaluation of potentially
therapeutic agents of high priority. The results presented here are the
maternal pharmacokinetics from a series of experiments to delineate more
clearly the complex maternal-fetal pharmacokinetics and the effects of
AZT in the chronically instrumented maternal and fetal baboon during
both steady state intravenous infusion and oral bolus dosage regimens.
Two results of major clinical importance were found. First, during
pregnancy, both the clearance and volume of distribution of AZT were
increased. Plasma clearance in the pregnant animals was 51 +/- 10
ml/min/kg compared with 37 +/- 2 ml/min/kg in the nonpregnant animals,
and steady state volume of distribution was 3.7 +/- 1.21/kg compared
with 2.2 +/- 0.61/kg. Second, with continuous intravenous infusion
plasma drug concentrations were easily maintained in the therapeutic
range, whereas with oral administration plasma concentration fell below
therapeutic levels within 2 h of the dose being given. Because maternal
plasma concentrations are a major determinant of drug concentration
achieved in the fetus, an understanding of drug kinetics in pregnancy is
of vital importance when making recommendations regarding optimal drug
therapy during pregnancy to maximize the beneficial effect--the
prevention of HIV infection in children.
DE Absorption Administration, Oral Animal Animals, Newborn/METABOLISM
Antiviral Agents/ADMINISTRATION & DOSAGE/*PHARMACOKINETICS Biological
Availability Female Fetal Blood Gestational Age Half-Life
Infusions, Intravenous Maternal-Fetal Exchange Papio Pregnancy
Pregnancy, Animal/*METABOLISM Support, Non-U.S. Gov't Support, U.S.
Gov't, P.H.S. Tissue Distribution Zidovudine/*ANALOGS &
DERIVATIVES/ADMINISTRATION & DOSAGE/ *PHARMACOKINETICS JOURNAL ARTICLE
SOURCE: National Library of Medicine. NOTICE: This material may be
protected by Copyright Law (Title 17, U.S.Code).